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Precision Nutrition: The value of soybean meals by origin in poultry and swine feed formulation

Yabuta, T., J. Cabanas-Ojeda and E. Oviedo-Rondón
2024

Soybean meal (SBM) is the main source of amino acids (AA) for poultry and swine and accounts for 25% of the metabolizable energy. Variability due to SBM origin affects cost and diet precision to provide nutrients. The present study evaluated the difference between using the average nutrient values of SBM without considering their origin, and the inclusion of SBM from five origins: North Carolina (NC), Eastern (EAST) and Western (WEST) US Corn Belt, Argentina (ARG) and Brazil (BRA) analyzed with NIRS AMINONIR® (Evonik) from 2020 and 2021. These sources had significant differences (P<0.001) in AA and energy content. Diets were formulated in a least-cost formulation software (Concept 5.0®). Starter, grower, and finisher broiler diets were formulated following the Ross 708 (2019) nutrient specifications. Grower brown and white layer diets for phases 1 and 2 were formulated following the Hy-Line (2021) nutritional guide. For swine, diets for growing boars and gilts, phases 2 and 3 were formulated based on PIC (2021) guide. High market prices were used for all ingredients except for SBM. Four SBM prices (590, 511, 432, and 353 $/MT) were evaluated in a sensitivity analysis formulating 440 diets in a factorial arrangement. The relative SBM economic value ($/MT) was es- timated as Base SBM price ($/MT) – [TDCtest – TDCBase)/ SBMtest x 1000]; where “TDC” is the total diet cost ($/MT), assuming the inclusion of the specified SBM, and “SBM” is the amount of SBM included in the diet (kg/MT). The Base SBM was the NC SBM. Results indicated no interactions (P>0.05) and diets including NC SBM were cheaper (P<0.001) for broilers (1.40–34.32 $/MT), layers (0.27-27.24 $/MT), and swine (0.18- 15.90 $/MT). Based on relative SBM value, the NC SBM had a premium value ($/MT) over the other sources ranging from 8.17 to 98.73 for broilers, 10.57 to 99.74 for layers, and 0.80 to 106.36 for swine. When comparing diet nutrient composition, SBM as a commodity with average nutrient values disregarding their specific nutrient content by origin can cause deficient diets when EAST and WEST SBM are included, and nutrient excess in diets with NC and BRA SBM.

In conclusion, feed formulation should consider the origin, nutrient and energy content of each SBM source to reduce cost and nutrient waste.