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Evaluation of the interactions of different crude protein levels in high and low-energy diets on growth performance and carcass yield in Ross 708 broilers

Ali, M., C. Fudge, N. Abaunza, R. Adhikari and C. Chen
2024

Protein and energy are the two most important components in broiler diets for good growth and health. This study evaluated the interaction effect of crude protein (CP) reduction by balancing limiting amino acids (AA) and 2 different energy levels on broilers growth performance and processing yield. Six corn-soy-based diets, including 3 high-energy (HE) and 3 low- energy (LE) with a 100 kcal/kg AMEn difference but with same dLys to dAA ratio were formulated to meet or exceed Ross708 broiler specifications. Comparative HE and LE diets had same CP and AA level supplemented with 3 (Lys, Met, Thr), 4 (Lys, Met, Thr, Val), and 5 synthetic AA (Lys, Met, Thr, Val, Ile), respectively. However, as synthetic AA inclusion increased, average CP levels were reduced by 0.72%, 0.65%, and 0.61% in the starter (0-14 d), grower (15-28 d), and finisher (29-42 d) diets. A total of 960-day-old straight-run Ross 708 chicks (6 treatments x 8 replicates x 20 birds) were randomly placed. Performance was evaluated at 14, 28, and 42 d. Litter nitrogen (N) and moisture were measured at 42 d. At 43 d, 8 broilers (4 males and 4 females)/pen were processed, and weights of live birds, hot carcass, cold carcass, and parts were recorded. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (CP x energy), and mean separation was done by Tukeys test at a significance level of P<0.05. An interaction effect (CP x energy) was observed on overall body weight gain (BWG, P<0.001), feed intake (FI, P=0.0002), and feed conversion ratio (FCR, P=0.0081). A reduction in CP showed contrasting trends (P<0.001) on growth in HE and LE diets. Specifically, BW, BWG, and FI increased with CP reduction in HE diets, while opposite occurred in LE diets. This interaction trend (CP x energy, P<0.0001) continued in live, hot carcass, and cold carcass weight with LE-low CP diets showing the lowest values and HE-low CP showing the highest values. For parts (CP x energy), pectoralis major was heavier in broilers fed on LE and HE with the highest and lowest CP, respectively, and lighter in LE-low CP group (P<0.0001). In contrast, leg weight was higher in broilers fed either the highest CP with HE or the lowest CP with LE (P=0.0016). No differences were found in litter N and moisture contents (P>0.05). In conclusion, effects of CP reduction with balanced limiting AA exhibited contrasting trends in performance and carcass yield in HE and LE diets. Reducing CP in LE diets showed negative impacts, but reducing CP in HE diets positively impacted performance and carcass yield. No effect of CP and energy was observed on litter N and moisture.

The interactive effect of energy and CP levels on performance and yield warrants more studies to understand the underlying mechanism of action.